Research progress of histone acetylation in prevention and treatment of heart failure and new ideas based on traditional Chinese medicine / 中国中药杂志

Chronic heart failure(CHF) has become a worldwide public health problem due to its high morbidity and mortality, which seriously endangers people's lifespan and quality of life. In recent years, the treatment strategy of CHF has shifted its emphasis on short-term improvement and transformation of hemodynamics to long-term repair as well as improvement of the biological properties of heart failure. At present, with the continuous deepening of medical research, it has been found that histone acetylation is closely related to the occurrence and development of CHF. Traditional Chinese medicine, via regulating histone acetylation, delays ventricular remodeling, improves energy metabolism, inhibits fibrosis and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and intervenes in the development process of heart failure, thus reducing the mortality and the readmission rate and ultimately improving long-term prognosis. Therefore, this study reviewed the mechanism of histone acetylation in the treatment of heart failure as well as its prevention and treatment with traditional Chinese medicine, to provide reference for clinical treatment of CHF.

Effectiveness of Mindfulness Meditation Programs in the Promotion of Quality of Life in Patients with Heart Failure: A Systematic Review

Abstract Background: Despite optimal medical treatment, many heart failure (HF) patients continue to show a high prevalence of symptoms, which contributes to a high morbidity and poor health-related quality of life (HRQL). Mindfulness meditation may be effective in improving the quality of life in these patients. Objective: A systematic review was conducted to evaluate if mindfulness meditation programs are effective in promoting and improving the quality of life in patients with heart failure. Methods: The PubMed (MEDLINE), Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL), LILACS, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases were searched between October and November of 2019. Articles were selected if they evaluated mindfulness intervention, with an experimental or quasi-experimental design, in adults with heart failure and measured health-related quality of life. Results: This systematic review identified 108 studies through database searches. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of three studies were considered qualified. These studies took place in the Netherlands, the USA, and Brazil, and occurred between 2005 and 2015. Sample sizes varied from 19 to 215, and the average range of participants within each study varied from 43.2 to 75.4 years. Compared to control programs, mindfulness-based meditation programs improved the quality of life in two studies (p= 0.041 and p=0.03). Conclusion: Mindfulness-based meditation programs improved the quality of life in patients with HF. Therefore, there is limited data to strengthen this recommendation to this population, and future research is warranted in order to present consistency in the intervention protocols.

Strain longitudinal global como preditor de cardiotoxicidade induzida por quimioterapia / Global longitudinal strain as predictor of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity

Fundamento: A cardiotoxicidade induzida por quimioterapia (CiC) é uma complicação importante entre os pacientes que recebem antraciclinas. Biomarcadores e parâmetros de imagem têm sido estudados por sua capacidade de identificar pacientes com risco de desenvolver essa complicação. O strain longitudinal global do ventrículo esquerdo (SLG-VE) tem sido descrito como um parâmetro sensível para detectar disfunção sistólica, mesmo na presença de fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) preservada. Objetivo: avaliar o papel do SLG-VE como preditor de CiC. Métodos: O presente estudo consiste em uma análise post-hoc do estudo CECCY (Carvedilol for Prevention of ChemotherapyRelated Cardiotoxicity [Carvedilol para Prevenção da Cardiotoxicidade Relacionada à Quimioterapia]), que avaliou a prevenção primária de cardiotoxicidade com carvedilol durante quimioterapia com doxorrubicina em uma população com câncer de mama. Definiu-se cardiotoxicidade como uma redução >10% na FEVE. O SLG-VE foi obtido antes da quimioterapia em pacientes sem doença cardiovascular prévia ou anormalidades no ecocardiograma. Resultados: Trinta e um pacientes submetidos a estudo ecocardiográfico completo incluindo avaliação de SLG-VE antes da quimioterapia foram incluídos nesta análise. Um SLG-VE absoluto <16,9% antes da quimioterapia mostrou 100% de sensibilidade e 73% de especificidade para predizer cardiotoxicidade (AUC=0,85; IC 95% 0,680­0,959, p<0,001). Nesta população, os valores de FEVE antes da quimioterapia não foram preditores de CiC (IC 95% 0,478 a -0,842, p=0,17). A associação de baixos níveis séricos de SLG-VE (<17%) e BNP (>17 pg/mL) dois meses após a quimioterapia aumentou a precisão para detectar CiC de início precoce (100% de sensibilidade, 88% de especificidade, AUC=0,94; IC 95% 0,7810,995, p<0,0001). Conclusões: Nossos dados sugerem que o SLG-VE é um possível preditor de cardiotoxicidade induzida por quimioterapia. São necessários estudos maiores para confirmar a relevância clínica desse parâmetro ecocardiográfico nesse cenário clínico. (AU)

Background: Chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity (ChC) is an important complication among patients receiving anthracyclines. Biomarkers and imaging parameters have been studied for their ability to identify patients at risk of developing ChC. Left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS) is a sensitive parameter for detecting systolic dysfunction despite the presence of preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Objective: To evaluate the role of the LV-GLS as a predictor of ChC. Methods: This was a post-hoc analysis of the Carvedilol for Prevention of Chemotherapy-Related Cardiotoxicity trial, which evaluated the primary prevention of cardiotoxicity with carvedilol during doxorubicin chemotherapy in a population of patients with breast cancer. Cardiotoxicity was defined as a reduction ≥10% in LVEF. LV-GLS was determined before chemotherapy in patients with no prior cardiovascular disease or echocardiogram abnormalities. Results: Thirty-one patients for whom a complete echocardiography study including measurement of LV-GLS was performed before chemotherapy were included in this analysis. An absolute LV-GLS<16.9% before chemotherapy showed 100% sensitivity and 73% specificity for predicting cardiotoxicity (area under the curve [AUC], 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.680­0.959; p<0.001). In this population, LVEF values before chemotherapy did not predict ChC (95% CI, 0.478 to -0.842; p=0.17). The association of low LV-GLS (<17%) and brain-type natriuretic peptide serum levels (>17 pg/mL) at 2 months after chemotherapy increased the accuracy for detecting early-onset ChC (100% sensitivity, 88% specificity; AUC, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.781­0.995; p<0.0001). Conclusions: Our data suggest that LV-GLS is a potential predictor of ChC. Larger studies are needed to confirm its clinical relevance in this clinical setting. (AU)

Predictors of Post-Discharge 30-Day Hospital Readmission in Decompensated Heart Failure Patients

Abstract Background Heart failure (HF) is worldwide known as a public health issue with high morbimortality. One of the issues related to the evolution of HF is the high rate of hospital readmission caused by decompensation of the clinical condition, with high costs and worsening of ventricular function. Objective To quantify the readmission rate and identify the predictors of rehospitalization in patients with acute decompensated heart failure. Methods Hospital-based historic cohort of patients admitted with acute decompensated HF in a private hospital from Recife/PE, from January 2008 to February 2016, followed-up for at least 30 days after discharge. Demographic and clinical data of admission, hospitalization, and clinical and late outcomes were analyzed. Logistic regression was used as a strategy to identify the predictors of independent risks. Results 312 followed-up patients, average age 73 (± 14), 61% males, 51% NYHA Class III, and 58% ischemic etiology. Thirty-day readmission rate was 23%. Multivariate analysis identified the independent predictors ejection fraction < 40% (OR = 2.1; p = 0.009), hyponatremia (OR = 2.9; p = 0.022) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) as the cause of decompensation (OR = 1.1; p = 0,026). The final model using those three variables presented reasonable discriminatory power (C-Statistics = 0.655 - HF 95%: 0.582 - 0.728) and good calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow p = 0.925). Conclusions Among hospitalized patients with acute decompensated heart failure, the rate of readmission was high. Hyponatremia, reduced ejection fraction and ACS as causes of decompensation were robust markers for the prediction of hospital readmission within 30 days of discharge. (Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2020; 33(2):175-184)

Autocuidado na insuficiência cardíaca / Autocuidado na insuficiência cardíaca

Produto do projeto: Impacto da coordenação e acompanhamento do cuidado por telemonitoramento na qualidade da assistência prestada aos usuários do SUS portadores de doenças crônicas, egressos de internação hospitalar em Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.

Heart Failure: An Overview of Morbidity and Mortality in Rio Grande do Sul

Abstract Background: Heart failure (HF) is the final pathway of most cardiac diseases. Although the prevalence of HF has increased, due to the ageing of the population, more comprehensive data have shown a reduction in the percentage of HF hospital admissions over the last years. Objective: Assess the morbidity and mortality of HF patients in Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul and Porto Alegre. Method: The study is a retrospective analysis of data from the Brazilian Unified Health System's (Sistema Único de Saúde [SUS]) Department of Informatics (DataSUS). We evaluated the incidence of HF hospital admissions, the average length of stay, hospital costs and sex ratio, during a ten-year period (2007 to 2016). Due to availability of the system, mortality rate and age range, the total duration of the study was nine years. Results: Within this period, the percentage of hospitalizations for HF decreased. On the other hand, the length of stay increased in all regions studied. Mortality rates were in decline in all regions. Hospital costs showed an increase of 110.8%. HF was more prevalent in patients between the seventh and eighth decades of life, with men being more affected than women, except in Rio Grande do Sul. Conclusion: We conclude that, in spite of the high costs of HF to healthcare providers, hospitalizations and mortality rates have shown a significant decline over the last years, which results from the advances in the treatment of this disease, through initiatives to improve patient education, engagement and planning in health care and self-care.

O difícil cotidiano dos pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca / The difficult daily life of heart failure bearing patients / El difícil cotidiano de los pacientes com insuficiencia cardiaca

Objective: The study's purpose has been to assess the main limitations reported by heart failure bearing patients. Methods: It is a secondary analysis of an exploratory study with a qualitative approach. This study was performed with 15 patients with heart failure, out of the 167 undergoing ambulatory care, and over the period from March to July 2011. The collection of primary data was based on semi-structured interviews with subsequent analysis according to the Bardin's perspective. The secondary analysis was performed according to the retrospective interpretation strategy. Results: There were female predominance (73.3%); incomplete elementary school (80.2%); hypertensive patients (80.2%); dyslipidemic patients (53.4%); and diabetics patients (33.3%). Concerning the daily limitations, the following stand out: impaired walking, precarious sleep pattern, fatigue, dyspnea, loss of autonomy, dependence on others, poor sleep pattern, low sexual activity. Conclusion: By taking into consideration the heart failure, a chronic disease, it is fundamental for nurses to look for guidelines and strategies that are able to develop the capacity for self-care, prevention and health promotion

Objetivo: Analisar as principais limitações relatadas por pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca. Método: análise secundária de um estudo exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa, realizado com 15 pacientes portadores de insuficiência cardíaca no período de março a julho de 2011, dentre os 167 em atendimento ambulatorial. A coleta de dados primários deu-se a partir de uma entrevista semi-estruturada, com posterior análise de Bardin, e para presente análise secundária foi utilizada como estratégia a interpretação retrospectiva. Resultados: predominância do sexo feminino (73,3%); ensino fundamental incompleto (80,2%); hipertensos (80,2%); dislipidêmicos (53,4%); diabéticos (33,3%). Quanto às limitações no cotidiano, destacam-se: deambulação prejudicada, padrão de sono precário, fadiga, dispneia, perda de autonomia, dependência de terceiros, padrão de sono precário, baixa frequência da atividade sexual. Conclusão: na insuficiência cardíaca, uma doença crônica, é fundamental que o enfermeiro busque por orientações e estratégias, as quais possam desenvolver a capacidade de autocuidado, prevenção e promoção da saúde

Objetivo: Analizar las principales limitaciones relatadas por pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca. Método: análisis secundario de un estudio exploratorio, de abordaje cualitativo, realizado con 15 pacientes portadores de insuficiencia cardíaca en el período de marzo a julio de 2011, entre los 167 en atención ambulatoria. La recolección de datos primarios se dio a partir de una entrevista semiestructurada, con posterior análisis de Bardin, y para el presente análisis secundario se utilizó como estrategia la interpretación retrospectiva. Resultados: predominio del sexo femenino (73,3%); educación básica incompleta (80,2%); hipertensos (80,2%); dislipidémicos (53,4%); diabéticos (33,3%). En cuanto a las limitaciones en el cotidiano, se destacan: deambulación perjudicada, patrón de sueño precario, fatiga, disnea, pérdida de autonomía, dependencia de terceros, patrón de sueño precario, baja frecuencia de la actividad sexual. Conclusión: en la insuficiencia cardíaca, una enfermedad crónica, es fundamental que el enfermero busque orientaciones y estrategias, que puedan desarrollar la capacidad de autocuidado, prevención y promoción de la salud

Avaliação econômica do uso de dexrazoxano na profilaxia de cardiotoxicidade em crianças em tratamento quimioterápico com antraciclinas / Economic assessment of dexrazoxane in prophylaxis of cardiotoxicity in children undergoing chemotherapy with anthracyclines / Evaluación económica del uso del dexrazoxano en la profilaxia de cardiotoxicidad en niños en tratamiento quimioterápico con antraciclinas

Resumo: O câncer em indivíduos de 0 a 19 anos é considerado raro, quando comparado à incidência em faixas etárias maiores, sendo estimado entre 2% e 3% de todos os tumores malignos registrados no Brasil. O uso de antraciclinas está frequentemente associado ao aparecimento de cardiotoxicidade e faz parte de aproximadamente 60% dos protocolos terapêuticos em oncologia pediátrica. Dentre as estratégias existentes para a prevenção de cardiotoxicidade, o dexrazoxano obteve resultados favoráveis pautados em desfechos intermediários (marcadores bioquímicos e medidas ecocardiográficas). Foi desenvolvida, neste trabalho, uma avaliação de custo-efetividade que compare o uso do dexrazoxano em diferentes populações, além de uma avaliação do impacto orçamentário causado pela possível incorporação da tecnologia. Foi utilizado o horizonte temporal de toda a vida do paciente e a perspectiva de análise do Sistema Único de Saúde. Uma análise de impacto orçamentário para cada tecnologia também foi construída. Após uma busca na literatura, foi desenvolvido um modelo de Markov capaz de comparar o uso do dexrazoxano em seis perfis de pacientes com risco de desenvolver cardiotoxicidade. Usar o medicamento nas crianças menores de cinco anos de idade se mostrou a alternativa mais custo-efetiva (razão de custo-efetividade incremental - RCEI de R$ 6.156,96), seguida de usar em todos os pacientes (RCEI de R$ 58.968,70). Caso o preço diminua a um valor menor que R$ 250,00 por frasco, a alternativa de usar em todas as crianças se torna a mais custo-efetiva. O impacto orçamentário ao final de cinco anos foi de R$ 30.622.404,81 para uso apenas nas crianças menores de cinco anos. Usar a tecnologia em todas as crianças produziria um impacto incremental de R$ 94.352.898,77.

Abstract: Cancer in individuals 0 to 19 years of age is considered rare when compared to incidence in older age brackets, and is estimated at 2% to 3% of all malignant tumors recorded in Brazil. The use of anthracyclines is frequently associated with cardiotoxicity, and these drugs are part of approximately 60% of treatment protocols in pediatric oncology. Among the existing strategies for the prevention of cardiotoxicity, dexrazoxane obtained favorable results based on intermediate outcomes (biochemical markers and echocardiographic parameters). This study was based on a cost-effectiveness assessment comparing the use of dexrazoxane in different populations, besides an assessment of the budget impact from the technology's potential incorporation. The patient's lifetime was used as the timeline, and the analysis was performed from the perspective of the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS). A budget impact analysis was also performed for each technology. After a literature search, a Markov model was developed, capable of comparing the use of dexrazoxane in six profiles of patients at risk of developing cardiotoxicity. Use of the drug in children under 5 years of age proved to be the most cost-effective alternative (incremental cost effectiveness ratio - ICER of BRL 6,156.96), followed by use in all patients (ICER of BRL 58,968.70). If the price decreased to less than BRL 250.00 per vial, the alternative of using the drug in all children would become the most cost-effective. The budget impact at 5 years was BRL 30,622,404.81 for use only in children under 5 years of age. Using the technology in all the children could produce an incremental impact of BRL 94,352,898.77.

Resumen: El cáncer en individuos de 0 a 19 años está considerado raro, cuando se compara la incidencia en franjas etarias mayores, estimándose entre 2% y 3% de todos los tumores malignos registrados en Brasil. El uso antraciclinas está frecuentemente asociado a la aparición de cardiotoxicidad y forma parte de aproximadamente un 60% de los protocolos terapéuticos en oncología pediátrica. Entre las estrategias existentes para la prevención de cardiotoxicidad, el dexrazoxano obtuvo resultados favorables pautados en desenlaces intermedios (marcadores bioquímicos y medidas ecocardiográficas). Se desarrolló en este trabajo, una evaluación de costo efectividad que compare el uso del dexrazoxano en diferentes poblaciones, además de una evaluación del impacto presupuestario causado por la posible incorporación de la tecnología. Se utilizó el horizonte temporal de toda la vida del paciente y la perspectiva de análisis del SUS. También se realizó un análisis del impacto presupuestario para cada tecnología. Tras una búsqueda en la literatura, se desarrolló un modelo de Markov capaz de comparar el uso del dexrazoxano en 6 perfiles de pacientes con riesgo de desarrollar cardiotoxicidad. Usar el medicamento en los niños menores de 5 años de edad se mostró la alternativa más costo-efectiva (relación costo-efectividad incremental - RCEI de BRL 6.156,96), seguido de usarlo en todos los pacientes (RCEI de BRL 58.968,7). En caso de que el precio disminuya a un valor inferior a BRL 250,00 por frasco, la alternativa de usarlo en todos los niños se convierte en la más costo-efectiva. El impacto presupuestario tras 5 años fue de BRL 30.622.404,81 para su uso exclusivo en niños menores de 5 años. Usar esta tecnología en todos los niños, tendría un impacto presupuestario incrementándolo hasta los BRL 94.352.898,77.

Protective effects of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide on acute heart failure in rats

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the protective effects of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide (PSP) on acute heart failure (AHF) in rats. Methods: Sixty rats were randomly divided into control, model, and low-, middle- and high-dose PSP groups, 12 rats in each group. The low-, medium- and high-dose PSP groups were intragastrically administrated with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg PSP for 5 days, respectively. On the sixth day, the AHF model was established by intraperitoneal injection of adriamycin. After 24h, the cardiac function, serum biochemical indexes, myocardial ATPase and succinate dehydrogenase levels and apoptosis related protein expressions were determined. Results: Compared with model group, in high-dose PSP group the heart rate, left ventricular systolic pressure, ±dp/dtmax, serum superoxide dismutase level, myocardial Na+-K+-ATPase, Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase and succinate dehydrogenase levels and myocardial Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 protein expression levels were significantly increased (P<0.05), the left ventricular end diastolic pressure, serum cTnI, CK-MB, TNF-α, IL-6, malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels and myocardial Bax and cleaved Caspase-3 protein expression levels were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Conclusions: Polysaccharide can prevent the acute heart failure induced by adriamycin. The mechanism may be related to its anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammation and inhibition of cardiac myocyte apoptosis.

Índice leuco-glucémico como predictor de mortalidad en la insuficiencia cardiaca / Leuko-glycaemic index as mortality predictor in heart failure

RESUMEN Introducción: actualmente en la medicina de emergencia se buscan marcadores de riesgo para predecir resultados. Los índices pronósticos han sido ampliamente aplicados en la insuficiencia cardiaca con resultados variables. Objetivo: probar al índice leuco-glucémico como marcador de mortalidad en la insuficiencia cardiaca, así como calcular el valor de corte. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio analítico longitudinal retrospectivo, con todos los pacientes ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Emergentes por Insuficiencia Cardiaca descompensada del Hospital Militar Dr. Carlos J. Finlay, de enero de 2017 hasta junio de 2017 que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Resultados: la media de la edad fue de 79 ±12 años. La mortalidad global estuvo en el orden de 29 %. En la muestra existieron 17 mujeres y 14 hombres. El índice de error en la predicción de la mortalidad por el ILG es de solo el 5,6 %. La curva ROC área bajo la curva 0,995 IC 95 % (0,979-1) se evidencia un punto de corte en 1934, es decir que el resultado del índice leuco-glucémico mayor de este valor tiene una sensibilidad del 88,9 % y una especificidad del 100 % para detectar a los posibles occisos. Conclusiones: el índice leuco-glucémico puede ser un elemento a tener en cuenta en el pronóstico de estos. Tiene una elevada sensibilidad y especificidad en la detección de pacientes con riesgo de morir por insuficiencia cardiaca (AU).

ABSTRACT Introduction: currently, risk factors are looked for to predict results in emergency medicine. The prognosis indexes have been widely applied to heart failure, with uneven results. Objectives: to test the leuko-glycaemic index as mortality indicator in heart failure, as well as to calculate the cut-off value. Material and methods: a retrospective, longitudinal analytical study was carried out with all the patients who entered the Emergency Intensive Care Unit of the Military Hospital "Carlos J. Finlay" because of decompensated heart failure, from January 2017 until June 2017, and fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: the average age was 79±12 years. Global mortality was around 29 %. The sample was composed by 17 women and 14 men. The error rate in mortality prediction by leuko-glycaemic index is only 5.6 %. The area below the ROC curve is 0,995; IC 95 % (0,979;1); it is evidenced a cut-off point in 1934; therefore, leuko-glycaemic index result higher than this value has a sensibility of 88.9 % and a specificity of 100 % to detect possible deceases. Conclusions: leuko-glycaemic index may be an element to take into account in this prognosis. It has a high sensibility and specificity in detecting patients at risk of dying due to heart failure (AU).

Insuficiencia cardíaca con función preservada. Revisión del tema y comunicación de la experiencia española / Heart failure with preserved function. Review of the topic and communication of the spanish experience

En la presente revisión los autores abordan en forma pormenorizada la definición, los aspectos epidemiológicos, la fisiopatología, los pilares diagnósticos y el tratamiento de esta entidad que está adquiriendo cada vez mayor importancia en el campo de la cardiología. Los escasos ensayos clínicos realizados no han logrado aportar evidencias satisfactorias, por lo que especialmente su tratamiento constituye un reto intelectual y científico. Como muy interesante aporte se exponen las bases fundamentales del programa de las Unidades de Manejo Integral de Pacientes con Insuficiencia Cardíaca (UMIPIC) en España. Este programa tiene como principal objetivo ofrecer una asistencia sanitaria de calidad y sostenible por el sistema público y comprende la atención global de todas las enfermedades de los pacientes mayores, la educación, el uso eficiente de los recursos económicos y la motivación profesional. Se describen el plan general de trabajo y los resultados de los primeros 258 pacientes que completaron un año de seguimiento.

In the present review, the authors analyze in detail, the definition, the epidemiological aspects, the physiopathology, the diagnostic bases, and the treatment of this entity which es becoming increasingly important in the field of cardiology. The few clinical trials made so far, have not managed to satisfactory evidence, so especially the treatment, constitutes an intelectual and scientific challenge. As a very interesting contribution, the bases of the spanish Program for Integral Management of Heart Failure Units (UMIPIC), are analyzed. This program`s main objective is to offer quality health care and sustainable by the public system. It includes all diseases of elderly patients global attention, education, efficient use of economic resources and the professional motivation. The general work plan and the results of the first 258 patients who completed one year of follow- up are described.

Importancia de las co-morbilidades en la insuficiencia cardiaca / Importance of the co morbidities in the heart failure

La insuficiencia cardíaca afecta aproximadamente a 5.1 millones de adultos en los Estados Unidos de América, con expectativas de alcanzar a casi 8 millones de adultos para 2030. Los pacientes portadores de insuficiencia cardiaca están en mayor riesgo de sufrir una mayor morbilidad y mortalidad que la población en general; además, existen co-morbilidades que pueden complicar el cuidado de estos pacientes. La diabetes mellitus, el dolor crónico y la depresión son diagnósticos que muy a menudo coexisten con la insuficiencia cardiaca. Los medicamentos con que normalmente se tratan estas co-morbilidades pueden inducir o empeorar los síntomas de la insuficiencia cardiaca, así que determinar la terapia apropiada es de vital importancia. Los médicos deben entender la relación que existe entre estas medicaciones y la insuficiencia cardiaca para mejorar la asistencia, aumentar la seguridad del paciente y reducir la morbilidad y mortalidad. Este trabajo analiza la asociación entre ciertos medicamentos usados para el tratamiento de estas co-morbilidades y su relación con la insuficiencia cardiaca. El propósito de este artículo es proporcionar una orientación farmacológica donde las opciones de tratamiento tengan especial consideración con un aumento de la supervisión médica, para evitar la descompensación o aparición de la insuficiencia cardiaca en los pacientes portadores de diabetes mellitus, dolor crónico y depresión (AU).

Heart failure affects approximately 5.1 million adults in the USA, with expectations of a rise to nearly 8 million adults by 2030. Patients with heart failure are at increased risk for morbidity/mortality, and co-morbidities can further complicate care for these patients. Diabetes mellitus, chronic pain, and depression are diagnoses that often coexist with heart failure. Medications commonly used to treat these co-morbidities may induce or worsen heart failure symptoms, so determining appropriate drug therapy is important. Healthcare providers must understand the relationship between these medications and heart failure in order to improve prescribing practices to increase patient safety and reduce morbidity and mortality. This manuscript discusses the association between certain medications used to treat the aforementioned diagnoses and their relationship to heart failure. The purpose of this article is to provide guidance on which pharmacologic options require special consideration, increased monitoring, or complete avoidance in heart failure patients with diabetes mellitus, chronic pain, and/or depression (AU).

Ações de enfermagem ao paciente com insuficiência cardíaca: uma revisão integrativa / Intervenciones de enfermería para pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca: una revisión integradora / Nursing actions for patients with heart failure: an integrative review

to identify studies on educational activities for patients with heart failure performed by nurses and evaluate their importance, in order to highlight methods, strategies and new concepts in the area. Method: this is an integrative literature review, with 15 articles selected in the three databases, Lilacs, Medline and Capes Journals Portal, published between 1995 and 2010. Results: in the analysis, it was observed the prevalence of research on the benefits of health education provided in various performance scenarios, especially during the nursing consultation, the use of means of distance communication and other means. Conclusion: the education practice should be part of daily management starting as early as possible, in hospitals and extended after discharge, observing the increase of knowledge of the disease by the patient and the purpose of pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions...

identificar estudos sobre as ações educativas aos pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca realizadas pelo enfermeiro e avaliar sua importância a fim de destacar métodos, estratégias e novos conceitos na área. Método: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, na qual foram selecionados 15 artigos nas bases de dados Lilacs, Medline e no Portal de Periódicos da Capes, publicados entre 1995 e 2010. Resultados: na análise, observou-se a prevalência de pesquisas sobre os benefícios da educação em saúde prestada nos mais variados cenários de atuação, principalmente durante a consulta de enfermagem, no uso de meios de comunicação à distância e por outros meios. Conclusão: a prática de ensino deve fazer parte do manejo diário começando o mais precocemente possível, no contexto hospitalar, e prolonga-se depois da alta, pois dessa forma observamos o aumento do conhecimento dos clientes sobre a doença e o propósito das intervenções farmacológicas e não farmacológicas...

identificar los estúdios sobre las actividades educativas para los pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca realizados por personal especializado y evaluar su importancia con el fin de considerar los métodos, estrategias y nuevos conceptos en el área. Método: Se trata de una revisión integradora de la literatura, en la que se seleccionaron 15 artículos en bases de datos Lilacs, Medline y Revistas Portal Capes, publicados entre 1995 y 2010. Resultados: en el análisis, se observó la prevalencia de la investigación sobre los beneficios de la educación sobre la salud dispensada en los diversos escenarios de actuación, especialmente durante la consulta de enfermería, el uso de medios de comunicación a distancia y otros medios. Conclusión: la práctica de la enseñanza debe ser parte de la gestión diária empezando tan pronto como sea posible, en un contexto hospitalário, y se extiende después del alta, porque de esa manera se observa el incremento em el conocimiento del cliente sobre la enfermedad y los efectos de las intervenciones farmacológicas y no farmacológico...

Conhecimento das mulheres com insuficiência cardíaca / Knowledge of women with heart failure / Conocimento de las mujeres con insuficianca cardíaca

A insuficiência cardíaca é responsável por numerosas internações e elevados custos hospitalares. Este estudo descritivo realizado em hospital cardiológico de São Paulo objetivou caracterizar mulheres com insuficiência cardíaca e seu conhecimento sobre doença e identificar diagnósticos e prescrições de enfermagem durante a internação. Os dados foram coletados com 44 mulheres internadas por insuficiência cardíaca. A maioria apresentava ensino fundamental incompleto (26; 59,1%), menopausa (32; 72,7%) e hipertensão (26; 59,1%). Das que tinham conhecimento sobre a doença, a maioria das orientações foi realizada por médicos (16; 84,2%) e enfermeiras (13; 68,4%). Os diagnósticos de enfermagem prevalentes foram intolerância à atividade, mobilidade física prejudicada e déficit no auto cuidado para banho/higiene. As prescrições de enfermagem relacionavam-se ao cuidado com higiene e alimentação, requerendo mais intervenções relativas a ações educativas para o cuidado à saúde, com ampliação da atuação preventiva.

Heart failure is responsible for many hospitalizations and high costs in the hospital. This descriptive study was developed in the cardiologic hospitaland aimed to characterize women with heart failure, their knowledge about the disease and to identify nursing diagnoses and prescription. Datawas collected with a sample of 44 hospitalized for Heart Failure. The most of the women have incomplete elementary school level (26; 59.1%),and their prevalent factor of risk was menopause (32; 72.7%) and hypertension (26; 59.9%). Among those who reported having knowledge of theirdisease (24; 54.5%), most (16; 84.2%) were orientated by a doctor (16; 84.2%) and by nurses (13; 68.4%). The prevalent nursing diagnoses were activityintolerance, impaired physical mobility and self-care deficit for bathing/hygiene. The nursing prescriptions were related to hygiene and meal, and itis necessary more intervention related to education for health care.

La insuficiencia cardíaca es responsable de una gran cantidad de internaciones y de altos costos hospitalarios. El presente estudio descriptivo sellevó a cabo en un hospital de cardiología de San Pablo con miras a caracterizar a las mujeres con insuficiencia cardíaca, su conocimiento sobre laenfermedad e identificar los diagnósticos y prescripciones de enfermería durante la internación. Los datos se recogieron con 44 mujeres internadaspor insuficiencia cardíaca. La mayoría (26) tenía enseñanza básica incompleta (59,1%), 32 estaban en la menopausia (72,7%) y 26 tenían hipertensión(59,1%). La mayoría de las orientaciones de aquéllas (16) que tenían conocimiento sobre la enfermedad había sido transmitida por médicos (84,2%) ya 13 por enfermeros (68,4%). Los diagnósticos de enfermería más prevalentes fueron intolerancia a la actividad, movilidad física perjudicada y déficiten el autocuidado para el baño y la higiene. Las prescripciones de enfermería se referían al autocuidado con la higiene y la alimentación. Se requierenotras intervenciones relacionadas con las actividades educativas para cuidar de la salud, con énfasis en la actuación preventiva.

Impacto da clínica de insuficiência cardíaca no teste de caminhada de seis minutos / Impact of heart failure clinic on six-minute walk test

Fundamentos: O teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6M) é de fácil aplicação e baixo custo, utilizado paraavaliar objetivamente o grau de limitação funcional e prognóstico da insuficiência cardíaca (IC).Objetivo: Avaliar os TC6M de indivíduos com IC recém-diagnosticada, realizados na consulta admissional e apósseis meses, analisando a diferença mínima importante (Minimal important difference - MID) entre os dois testes.Métodos: Estudo tipo coorte histórico. O primeiro TC6M foi avaliado em pacientes com IC sistólica referenciadosà Clínica de IC entre julho de 2012 e outubro de 2014 e o segundo TC6M após seis meses. O grupo que atingiu adistância MID no segundo teste foi comparado com o que não a atingiu. Delta-distância e necessidade dehospitalizações foram avaliados conforme adesão ao tratamento, classe funcional (CF) da New York Heart Associationna primeira consulta e grau de disfunção ventricular esquerda.Resultados: A diferença de distância percorrida entre os TC6M foi 48,79 m na população estudada, e distânciaMID calculada de 49 m. Trinta pacientes (58,8%) apresentaram delta-distância menor que a MID, com média deidade maior que o outro grupo (p=0,01). A média do delta-distância foi significativamente maior nos pacientesaderentes ao tratamento e nos que estavam em CF III na primeira consulta.Conclusão: Houve aumento geral da distância média percorrida do primeiro para o segundo TC6M nos pacientescom IC, porém menos da metade dos pacientes obteve incremento significativo.

Background: The six-minute walk test (6MWT) is an easy-to-use low-cost test that is employed to objectively evaluate the degreeof functional limitation and the prognosis of heart failure (HF).Objective: To evaluate the 6MWT of individuals with newly diagnosed HF, performed on admission and after six months, analyzingthe minimal important difference — MID between the two tests.Methods: Historical cohort study. The first 6MWT was evaluated in patients with systolic HF referred to the HF clinic from July2012 to October 2014 and the second 6MWT after six months. The group that reached the MID distance in the second test wascompared to the group that did not reach it. Delta-distance and need for hospitalizations were assessed as adherence to treatment,functional class (FC) of the New York Heart Association at the first visit and degree of left ventricular dysfunction.Results: The difference in the distance covered between the 6MWT was 48.79 m in the study population and the MID distancecalculated was 49 m. Thirty patients (58.8%) had lower delta-distance than the MID distance, with an average age higher than theother group (p=0.01). The average delta-distance was significantly higher in patients adhering to treatment and in those who werein FC III at the first visit.Conclusion: There was general increase in the average distance covered from the first to the second 6MWT in patients with HF,but less than half of patients achieved significant incremente.

Instrumento instrucional do resultado NOC: conhecimento controle da doença cardíaca para portadores de insuficiência cardíaca / Instructional instrument of the NOC outcomes: control knowledge of cardiac disease for patients with heart failure

A insuficiência cardíaca (IC) é uma doença que apresenta altos índices de re-hospitalizações, ocasionadas em algumas situações pelo conhecimento deficiente dos portadores quanto ao controle e autogestão desta doença. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo elaborar e validar o conteúdo de um instrumento instrucional de avaliação dos indicadores do resultado NOC Conhecimento da Doença Cardíaca para pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca. Foi realizado a validação de conteúdo pela análise de seis experts na área de Cardiologia, sendo avaliado a concordância dos mesmos pelo teste de Kappa. Obteve-se o nível de concordância Kappa superior a 98% em todos os critérios avaliados, portanto foi considerado o instrumento como validado no conteúdo. Este estudo é fundamental para a prática clínica dos enfermeiros, pois poderá nortear a avaliação do enfermeiro no conhecimento do paciente com IC.

Heart failure (HF) is a disease that presents high levels of re-hospitalizations, in some situations caused by deficient knowledge of patients regarding the control and self-management of the disease. This study aimed to elaborate and validate the content of an instructional instrument to assess the indicators of the NOC outcome Cardiac Disease Knowledge for patients with heart failure. A content validation was conducted by the analysis of six cardiology experts, and the agreement between them was assessed by the Kappa statistic. The obtained Kappa agreement level was superior to 98% for all assessed criteria, therefore the instrument was considered valid for content. This study is fundamental for the clinical practice of nurses, as it can guide the nursing assessment for knowledge of patients with HF.

La digital: su historia y su rol actual / Digital: their history and their current role

Si bien las hojas de digital purpúrea (Digitalis purpurea) se empleaban desde el año 500 D.C., fue el Dr. WilliamWhitering, de Inglaterra, quien investigó sus propiedades y en 1785 escribió un libro que ingresó entre los clásicos de la historia de la medicina: An account of the foxglove and some of its medical uses, with practical remarks on dropsy and other diseases. Esta revisión repasa la historia de la digital, su mecanismo de acción, y los trabajos más recientes que revaloran los efectos de esta medicación, recomendada actualmente a menores dosis de digoxina que las clásicamente aceptadas, capaz de reducir las hospitalizaciones y mejorar la sobrevida, en especial en pacientes con grados avanzados de insuficiencia cardíaca y medicados con inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina, beta-bloqueantes, antagonistas de la aldosterona y diuréticos. Quizás aún falta precisar su valor definitivo, pero es indudable que la digital marcó una etapa definitiva en los dominios de la Cardiología y que, junto a la amapola, la quina y la belladona, constituye el grupo de las cuatro principales plantas que han llevado alivio a las enfermedades del hombre

Although the leaves of Digitalis purpurea had been used since 500 D.C., it was the English physician William Withering who studied its properties. In 1785 he wrote the book called “An account of the foxglove and some of its medical uses: with practical remarks on dropsy and other diseases” which became one of the classics in the history of medicine. This article reviews the history of digitalis, its mechanism of action, and recent studies which underline the importance of this medication. Digitalis is presently prescribed at lower doses than tradionally indicated; it is effective in reducing hospital stays, and improving survival, especially in patients with advanced stages of heart failure and receiving inhibitors of the angiotensin converting enzyme, beta-blockers, aldosterone antagonists, and diuretics.Even though its definitive value is yet to be determined, it is certain that digitalis has a role to play in the domains ofCardiology and belongs to the group of the four principal plants that have brought relief to human diseases, along with the poppy, Peruvian bark, and belladona

Convivendo com a insuficiência cardíaca: uma análise do conhecimento como fator relevante para a qualidade de vida / Living with heart failure: an analysis of knowledge as a factor relevant to the quality of life

Dados do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) houve em 2013 o registro de aproximadamente 252.560 mil internações por insuficiência cardíaca com o total de 24.580 mil óbitos (BRASIL, 2013). É uma doença crônica de grande impacto social, levando a incapacidade de realizar atividades mesmo comuns da vida diária e não se restringe a uma classe social. O objetivo geral é avaliar o impacto do conhecimento do paciente portador sobre a insuficiência cardíaca como fator importante para a manutenção da sua qualidade de vida. Os objetivos específicos: a) caracterizar a clientela atendida na Instituição Pública Universitária do Rio de Janeiro escolhida para a pesquisa; b) identificar o conhecimento por parte do portador sobre a síndrome insuficiência cardíaca; c) avaliar qualidade de vida dos pacientes portadores de Insuficiência Cardíaca atendidos na Unidade Hospitalar proposta. Projeto de acordo com a Resolução 466/2012, autorizado pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa do cenário, via Plataforma Brasil. Sendo um estudo descritivo transversal com abordagem quantitativa dos dados, sendo o cenário uma Instituição Estadual Universitária do Rio de Janeiro e como sujeitos os pacientes em Unidades de Internação clínica e ambulatórios. Após os critérios para inclusão e exclusão, obteve-se a amostra totalizou 66, sendo 33 sujeitos Grupo A atendidos em Clínica de IC e 33 sujeitos atendidos nas demais unidades do hospital cenário. Os instrumentos de utilizados para a coleta o Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire e o segundo instrumento. O que os pacientes sabem sobre a sua Insuficiência Cardíaca?...

Data of the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) happened in 2013 the registration of approximately 252,560, 000 hospitalizations for heart failure with the total of 24,580 thousand deaths (BRAZIL, 2013). Is a chronic disease of great social impact, leading to inability to perform even common activities of daily life and is not restricted to a social class. The overall objective is to assess the impact of the patient with knowledge about heart failure as an important factor for the maintenance of their quality of life. Specific objectives: a) characterize the clientele served on public institution the University of Rio de Janeiro chosen to research; b) identify the knowledge on the part of the carrier about heart failure syndrome; c) assess quality of life of patients with heart failure seen in the hospital unit proposal. Project in accordance with resolution 466/2013, authorized by the ethics and Research Committee of the scenario, via Brazil Platform. Being a cross-sectional descriptive study with quantitative data approach, being the scenario an institution University of Rio de Janeiro State and as subject patients in inpatient and outpatient clinical Units. After the criteria for inclusion and exclusion, was obtained the sample totaled 66, being 33 subject group met in IC clinic and 33 subject met in other units of the hospital setting. The instruments used to collect the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire and the second instrument what the patients know about your heart failure?...